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The making of a dividend record

In this short film, Job Curtis and David Smith introduce some of the principles and decisions that have helped City of London Investment Trust achieve 60 consecutive years of dividend growth.

Read the full anniversary interview for a deeper look at the trust’s journey and the philosophy behind its long-term success.

Discrete year performance (%) Share price (total return) NAV (total return)
30/06/2025 to 30/06/2026 21.0 21.9
30/06/2024 to 30/06/2025 21.8 16.8
30/06/2023 to 30/06/2024 11.4 15.6
30/06/2022 to 30/06/2023 4.1 4.5
30/06/2021 to 30/06/2022 7.7 7.5

All performance, cumulative growth and annual growth data is sourced from Morningstar.

Source: at 30/06/26. © 2026 Morningstar, Inc. All rights reserved. The information contained herein: (1) is proprietary to Morningstar and/or its content providers; (2) may not be copied or distributed; and (3) is not warranted to be accurate, complete, or timely. Neither Morningstar nor its content providers are responsible for any damages or losses arising from any use of this information. Past performance does not predict future returns.

Cash flow

The net balance of cash that moves in and out of a company. Positive cash flow shows more money is moving in than out, while negative cash flow means more money is moving out than into the company.

Diversification

A way of spreading risk by mixing different types of assets or asset classes in a portfolio on the assumption that these assets will behave differently in any given scenario. Assets with low correlation should provide the most diversification.

Dividend

A variable discretionary payment made by a company to its shareholders.

Inflation

The rate at which the prices of goods and services are rising in an economy. The consumer price index (CPI) and retail price index (RPI) are two common measures; the opposite of deflation.

NAV total return (investment trusts)

The theoretical total return on shareholders’ funds per share reflecting the change in NAV assuming that dividends paid to shareholders were reinvested at NAV at the time the shares were quoted ex-dividend. A way of measuring investment management performance of investment trusts which is not affected by movements in discounts/premiums.

Portfolio

A grouping of financial assets such as equities, bonds, commodities, properties, or cash. Also often called a ‘fund’.

Revenue reserves

Revenue reserves are income that an investment trust has earned but not paid out immediately as dividends. In stronger years, the trust can retain a portion of its income and build up these reserves. In more difficult years, when companies in the portfolio cut or reduce their dividends, the trust can draw on those reserves to help maintain or continue growing the dividend paid to shareholders.

Share price total return (investment trusts)

The theoretical total return to the investor assuming that all dividends received were reinvested in the shares of the company at the time the shares were quoted ex-dividend. Transaction costs are not taken into account.

Valuation metrics

Metrics used to gauge a company’s performance, financial health, and expectations for future earnings, e.g. P/E ratio and ROE.

Volatility

The rate and extent at which the price of a portfolio, security, or index, moves up and down. If the price swings up and down with large movements, it has high volatility. If the price moves more slowly and to a lesser extent, it has lower volatility. The higher the volatility, the higher the risk of the investment.

Yield

The level of income on a security over a set period, typically expressed as a percentage rate. For equities, a common measure is the dividend yield, which divides recent dividend payments for each share by the share price. For a bond, in its simplest form, this is calculated as the coupon payment divided by the current bond price.

Introduction

60 years of consecutive dividend growth is the result of thousands of investment decisions made over decades.

To mark this milestone, fund managers Job Curtis and David Smith look back on philosophy and discipline behind one of the UK’s most enduring income records.

Question: 60 consecutive years of dividend growth through multiple recessions, a financial crisis, a pandemic. What does that number actually mean for shareholders?

Answer: Well, of course it means that City of London’s shareholders received an annual increase in their dividend each of those 60 years, and we’re the first investment trust to achieve that.

And if you think during that period, there have been some difficult times for the UK.

You had the high inflation and strikes during the 1970s, the 1987 global stock market crash, and the global financial crisis between 2007 and 2009, and of course, COVID in 2020.

And during all those periods, City of London increased its dividend each year.

Question: Walk us through how you manage the portfolio to keep that streak alive, even in years when markets fall. What’s the discipline behind it?

Answer: Well, I think there’s three key factors to that.

Firstly, it’s a focus on cash generative businesses that can not only pay an attractive dividend, but also invest in their business so they grow profits, cash flows, and ultimately dividends into the very long term.

Secondly, it’s about having a well-diversified portfolio, so not being over-reliant on any one sector or stock to produce your income needs.

And then finally, it’s about utilising the investment trust structure and using revenue reserves in the more difficult years.

Question: So you use the revenue reserves to smooth dividends in tough years. Can you explain that in plain terms and give a sense of when it’s mattered?

Answer: Yes.

It means that in the good years for dividends, we can save some of the investment income, up to 15%, and we put it into revenue reserves.

In the difficult times, such as in 2020 during COVID, when FTSE 100 companies cut their dividends by 36%, we’re able to use the revenue reserve to continue growing City’s dividend, as we did in 2020.

Question: Job, having run the trust yourself for over three decades of that 60-year history, what’s stayed consistent in the approach, even as markets have changed around you?

Answer: Yes, there’ve been big changes in markets and technology over the decades, but our investment approach has remained the same, as David outlined.

We are valuation conscious, and we’re conservative in our approach and believe in diversification.

And those principles, we retain to today.

Question: With markets feeling uncertain right now, why does an income-focused strategy like this matter to someone investing today?

Answer: For long-term investors, studies have shown that dividend yield and dividend growth are your main contributors to total return.

So invariably, markets will go through volatile times.

There will always be uncertainties.

But a focus on income and income growth, as City’s track record has shown, has actually proved successful for shareholders over the longer term.

Question: If you had to sum up in one sentence what this milestone means for a shareholder who’s held the trust for years, what would you say?

Answer: It means annual dividend increases for each of the last 60 years, as well as some good long-term capital appreciation, achieved through a consistent investment approach.

These are the views of the author at the time of publication and may differ from the views of other individuals/teams at Janus Henderson Investors. References made to individual securities do not constitute a recommendation to buy, sell or hold any security, investment strategy or market sector, and should not be assumed to be profitable. Janus Henderson Investors, its affiliated advisor, or its employees, may have a position in the securities mentioned.

 

Before investing in an investment trust referred to in this article, you should satisfy yourself as to its suitability and the risks involved, you may wish to consult a financial adviser. Please refer to the AIFMD Disclosure document and Annual Report of the AIF before making any final investment decisions. Tax assumptions and reliefs depend upon an investor’s particular circumstances and may change if those circumstances or the law change.

 

Past performance does not predict future returns. The value of an investment and the income from it can fall as well as rise and you may not get back the amount originally invested.

 

The information in this article does not qualify as an investment recommendation.

 

There is no guarantee that past trends will continue, or forecasts will be realised.

 

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Important information

Please read the following important information regarding funds related to this article.

Before investing in an investment trust referred to in this document, you should satisfy yourself as to its suitability and the risks involved, you may wish to consult a financial adviser. This is a marketing communication. Please refer to the AIFMD Disclosure document and Annual Report of the AIF before making any final investment decisions.
    Specific risks
  • Some of the administrative expenses are taken from capital. This allows more income to be paid but it may also restrict capital growth or even reduce the capital over time.
  • Derivatives may be used with the aim of reducing risk or managing the portfolio more efficiently. However, this introduces other risks, in particular, that a derivative counterparty may not meet its contractual obligations.
  • Losses could be incurred if a counterparty became unwilling or unable to meet its obligations, or as a result of failure or delay in operational processes or the failure of a third party provider.
  • If a Company's portfolio is concentrated towards a particular country or geographical region, the investment carries greater risk (as well as the potential for greater reward) than a portfolio that is diversified across more countries.
  • This investment should be held as part of a broader diversified portfolio. Balancing it with investments that have different risk profiles can help reduce the impact of any single investment underperforming.
  • The Company may borrow to invest, which could magnify gains or losses.
  • As the Company may borrow to invest, changes in interest rates could increase or decrease the cost of any borrowings.
  • The Company invests in the shares of other companies. These shares may become hard to value or to sell at a desired time and price, especially in extreme market conditions when asset prices may be falling, increasing the risk of investment losses.
  • Your return on investment is directly related to the market price of the Company's shares, which may be higher (trading at a premium) or lower (trading at a discount) than the value of its underlying net asset value assets. This means your returns may differ from the performance of those assets.
  • While active management techniques are typically positive for performance, this approach may also result in periods of underperformance relative to the benchmark and comparable passive and index-tracking funds, particularly during unexpected market shifts.
  • Shares can gain and lose value rapidly, and typically involve higher risks than bonds or money market instruments. The value of your investment may rise and fall in line with the underlying equity markets.
  • If the companies in which the portfolio is invested persistently reduce their dividend payments, the Company will find it more difficult to maintain or grow its own dividend payments each year.
  • The Company maintains a portfolio with a bias towards income-generating companies. This may result in the Company significantly underperforming or outperforming the wider market.